Station location: 67°36'S, 62°52'E, Horseshoe Harbour, Mac. Robertson Land, East Antarctica.
WMO identification: 89564
Data in black are derived from the READER dataset and are calculated from 6-hourly synoptic data. Data after 2005, shown in red, have been provided by Doug Shepherd and Ian Barnes-Keoghan of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology and are based on 3-hourly synoptic data. These values will be adjusted to be compatible with the READER data at some point in the future; however, any differences will be minimal.
Go straight to the data.
(i) Annual, seasonal and monthly temperature statistics for Mawson
With regard to summer (DJF) the year refers to the December.
| Annual/Season/Month | Mean (°C) | σ (°C) | Min. (°C) | q0.25 (°C) | q0.75 (°C) | Max. (°C) | Period | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar year | −11.2 | 0.7 | −13.4 | −11.6 | −10.8 | −9.6 | 1955-2011 | 57 |
| Autumn | −13.6 | 1.4 | −16.8 | −14.7 | −12.8 | −10.7 | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| Winter | −17.7 | 1.8 | −21.9 | −19.0 | −16.3 | −14.5 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| Spring | −11.9 | 1.0 | −13.7 | −12.5 | −11.2 | −9.5 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| Summer | −1.6 | 0.7 | −3.2 | −2.1 | −1.2 | +0.3 | 1954-2011 | 58 |
| January | 0.0 | 1.0 | −2.7 | −0.6 | +0.8 | +2.5 | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| February | −4.2 | 1.1 | −6.9 | −5.0 | −3.7 | −1.1 | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| March | −10.0 | 1.4 | −12.8 | −11.2 | −9.2 | −6.8 | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| April | −14.5 | 2.0 | −19.2 | −15.8 | −13.1 | −10.1 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| May | −16.4 | 2.5 | −21.5 | −18.4 | −14.7 | −9.9 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| June | −16.6 | 2.4 | −23.3 | −18.3 | −14.9 | −11.6 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| July | −17.9 | 2.8 | −24.0 | −20.0 | −16.1 | −8.9 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| August | −18.6 | 2.7 | −24.1 | −20.6 | −16.5 | −14.0 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| September | −17.3 | 2.3 | −23.0 | −18.8 | −15.7 | −12.7 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| October | −13.0 | 1.6 | −16.5 | −13.9 | −12.0 | −8.8 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| November | −5.5 | 1.1 | −8.5 | −6.1 | −4.9 | −2.7 | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| December | −0.5 | 1.0 | −2.4 | −1.4 | +0.3 | +2.0 | 1954-2011 | 58
|
Mawson monthly temperature statistics: this plot shows the mean, quartiles and range for each month.
(ii) Annual, seasonal and monthly trends in the Mawson surface temperature data
The trends listed below include 95% confidence intervals. The methodology is based upon:
Santer B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, J.S. Boyle, D. J. Gaffen, J.J. Hnilo, D. Nychka, D.E. Parker and K.E. Taylor. 2000: Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average temperature time series. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 7337-7356.
Briefly, an effective sample size is calculated based on the lag-1 autocorrelation coefficient of the regression residuals, This effective sample size is used for the computation of the standard error and in indexing the critical values of the Student''s t distribution.
The significance level of the trend is given if it is less than 10%, 5% or 1%. With regard to summer (DJF) the year refers to the December.
| Annual/Season/Month | Annual trend (°C a−1) | Significance (%) | Period | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calendar year | −0.0023 ± 0.0101 | - | 1955-2011 | 57 |
| Autumn | −0.0090 ± 0.0213 | - | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| Winter | +0.0043 ± 0.0214 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| Spring | +0.0012 ± 0.0133 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| Summer | −0.0092 ± 0.0132 | - | 1954-2011 | 58 |
| January | −0.0100 ± 0.0188 | - | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| February | +0.0005 ± 0.0176 | - | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| March | +0.0072 ± 0.0206 | - | 1955-2012 | 58 |
| April | −0.0066 ± 0.0327 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| May | −0.0190 ± 0.0370 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| June | +0.0096 ± 0.0347 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| July | +0.0042 ± 0.0386 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| August | −0.0010 ± 0.0319 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| September | +0.0153 ± 0.0309 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| October | −0.0071 ± 0.0223 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| November | −0.0047 ± 0.0174 | - | 1954-2012 | 59 |
| December | −0.0182 ± 0.0162 | 5 | 1954-2011 | 58
|
Calendar year
Autumn (MAM)
Winter (JJA)
Spring (SON)
Summer (DJF)
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANN
1954 -17.5 -17.5 -14.4 -17.2 -19.7 -20.8 -14.7 -5.1 0.3
1955 -0.1 -6.9 -12.1 -14.3 -14.1 -18.3 -17.7 -15.3 -16.5 -11.2 -3.3 0.4 -10.8
1956 1.0 -2.7 -11.3 -11.9 -14.7 -16.4 -17.4 -21.7 -17.7 -13.3 -5.0 1.3 -10.8
1957 0.8 -4.1 -9.9 -13.0 -15.4 -11.6 -17.8 -15.7 -18.3 -8.8 -5.9 -0.3 -10.0
1958 0.1 -5.6 -9.4 -14.3 -14.7 -15.7 -15.8 -19.9 -17.9 -13.7 -6.1 -0.5 -11.1
1959 -1.5 -5.4 -6.9 -13.3 -14.5 -15.7 -17.1 -16.6 -19.8 -12.2 -7.0 -0.3 -10.9
1960 -0.2 -3.4 -12.3 -16.7 -18.3 -22.0 -21.7 -18.9 -17.9 -13.6 -5.8 -1.3 -12.7
1961 -0.5 -1.6 -9.1 -12.9 -12.9 -15.3 -15.4 -16.8 -12.8 -12.0 -4.6 -1.5 -9.6
1962 -2.7 -4.3 -11.0 -14.2 -19.1 -14.6 -21.7 -23.7 -19.0 -13.4 -5.8 -1.3 -12.6
1963 0.4 -5.4 -11.3 -14.7 -16.6 -16.2 -16.2 -14.7 -13.3 -14.5 -6.0 -1.6 -10.8
1964 -0.3 -3.7 -10.3 -15.2 -18.6 -13.8 -15.2 -14.5 -20.6 -14.1 -4.1 0.7 -10.8
1965 0.2 -2.7 -10.9 -15.8 -12.9 -21.2 -21.7 -17.8 -20.1 -13.1 -7.4 -0.2 -12.0
1966 -0.6 -3.4 -7.6 -17.7 -13.0 -18.3 -14.2 -22.4 -15.5 -13.6 -5.6 -0.2 -11.0
1967 1.5 -5.0 -8.5 -13.5 -14.6 -16.8 -16.3 -21.7 -16.3 -13.8 -4.4 0.4 -10.8
1968 -0.3 -4.6 -9.7 -12.1 -14.7 -18.1 -20.2 -19.5 -18.5 -12.0 -5.7 -0.9 -11.4
1969 0.2 -4.2 -9.5 -14.0 -16.3 -16.0 -19.7 -21.2 -18.6 -12.0 -6.1 -0.5 -11.5
1970 -0.5 -5.7 -8.0 -13.1 -15.3 -19.7 -17.2 -19.6 -15.7 -12.4 -5.4 0.3 -11.0
1971 1.1 -3.3 -10.4 -14.9 -15.3 -17.2 -18.2 -16.6 -15.8 -12.0 -6.4 0.7 -10.7
1972 1.8 -3.8 -9.8 -11.8 -18.8 -16.5 -16.9 -14.1 -16.0 -14.6 -6.0 -0.4 -10.6
1973 0.8 -4.8 -12.0 -14.1 -13.6 -15.4 -21.7 -21.3 -12.7 -11.4 -4.4 -1.6 -11.0
1974 0.9 -4.3 -11.5 -13.5 -18.8 -13.8 -17.8 -15.0 -18.6 -9.4 -3.8 0.8 -10.4
1975 1.5 -4.8 -10.6 -14.8 -13.9 -14.6 -20.3 -20.5 -18.6 -13.6 -3.8 0.1 -11.2
1976 1.3 -4.0 -11.2 -14.9 -20.5 -17.7 -17.1 -22.4 -20.7 -10.6 -5.0 2.0 -11.7
1977 2.5 -3.5 -11.4 -15.7 -15.1 -14.5 -14.5 -14.7 -19.1 -14.6 -7.3 -0.4 -10.7
1978 -0.7 -4.2 -9.2 -13.1 -14.9 -15.8 -16.0 -23.2 -17.3 -15.4 -4.5 0.0 -11.2
1979 -0.6 -5.8 -11.8 -13.6 -18.7 -18.4 -22.1 -19.8 -16.2 -12.6 -4.9 0.6 -12.0
1980 0.2 -4.7 -8.7 -12.1 -20.4 -20.4 -14.2 -18.9 -14.3 -14.6 -2.7 0.1 -10.9
1981 -0.1 -3.9 -8.8 -17.5 -17.7 -18.8 -17.7 -14.1 -17.5 -15.1 -5.5 -0.7 -11.4
1982 -0.3 -5.2 -12.8 -19.1 -18.5 -23.3 -18.2 -24.1 -23.0 -12.7 -4.2 1.0 -13.4
1983 0.9 -3.9 -11.7 -12.7 -15.2 -19.2 -21.7 -16.5 -14.2 -12.9 -8.5 -1.8 -11.5
1984 1.0 -4.8 -10.8 -15.2 -14.8 -19.3 -21.0 -16.7 -15.3 -16.5 -5.6 0.3 -11.6
1985 0.6 -5.0 -10.1 -13.5 -17.3 -14.3 -24.0 -19.7 -18.3 -14.3 -7.6 -1.7 -12.1
1986 -1.0 -1.1 -8.9 -15.6 -14.1 -20.0 -19.7 -20.0 -16.3 -11.3 -6.1 -0.8 -11.2
1987 0.9 -4.0 -9.8 -15.6 -18.7 -15.3 -16.0 -21.7 -19.7 -13.4 -5.8 -0.1 -11.6
1988 0.7 -5.4 -6.8 -15.3 -14.4 -14.7 -17.8 -15.8 -15.2 -10.1 -6.7 -1.5 -10.2
1989 0.0 -3.9 -11.2 -16.7 -21.5 -17.2 -18.7 -14.7 -14.5 -10.5 -6.9 1.2 -11.2
1990 1.0 -4.4 -10.0 -10.6 -14.0 -16.8 -16.7 -20.1 -19.0 -12.3 -4.8 -0.1 -10.7
1991 -0.7 -2.8 -7.8 -10.1 -15.5 -13.8 -13.3 -16.6 -17.5 -13.5 -5.7 1.4 -9.7
1992 0.9 -2.2 -9.5 -15.3 -16.3 -17.3 -19.5 -18.4 -21.4 -12.0 -5.4 -2.2 -11.5
1993 0.8 -4.1 -11.2 -16.9 -19.5 -19.1 -22.0 -22.3 -19.5 -12.9 -7.0 -1.8 -13.0
1994 -1.1 -5.1 -11.5 -15.9 -20.8 -12.1 -15.7 -20.6 -14.8 -12.0 -6.3 -1.7 -11.5
1995 -2.3 -4.8 -9.9 -12.1 -16.9 -18.7 -8.9 -20.6 -17.7 -14.0 -5.9 -0.6 -11.0
1996 0.1 -3.2 -10.0 -15.2 -21.5 -15.1 -18.4 -14.0 -13.9 -12.4 -4.7 -0.5 -10.7
1997 -0.8 -4.2 -8.4 -15.6 -19.2 -15.3 -19.3 -18.6 -19.9 -13.4 -4.9 -0.7 -11.7
1998 -0.6 -4.4 -11.2 -19.2 -18.1 -15.2 -18.6 -16.5 -17.6 -14.2 -4.9 -1.0 -11.8
1999 -1.1 -4.7 -9.6 -16.8 -18.3 -14.6 -19.5 -19.1 -17.6 -13.5 -6.4 -2.4 -12.0
2000 -1.2 -5.9 -10.6 -11.1 -18.2 -15.1 -18.2 -16.4 -15.4 -16.2 -4.3 -0.4 -11.1
2001 0.1 -4.0 -10.1 -16.0 -14.8 -16.4 -16.8 -20.9 -18.4 -12.4 -5.2 -1.3 -11.3
2002 -0.1 -5.1 -8.8 -13.2 -11.7 -15.1 -16.6 -20.6 -15.7 -11.4 -6.0 -1.4 -10.5
2003 0.3 -1.6 -9.2 -16.2 -17.7 -15.8 -18.4 -19.3 -15.9 -13.3 -6.5 0.1 -11.1
2004 0.4 -2.8 -10.4 -15.8 -15.4 -19.3 -20.5 -17.0 -20.0 -11.6 -5.1 0.5 -11.4
2005 0.4 -4.7 -8.0 -15.6 -18.9 -14.0 -18.5 -18.7 -16.2 -12.5 -6.9 1.0 -11.0
2006 -0.1 -5.2 -10.0 -12.4 -18.3 -15.9 -21.4 -15.9 -16.1 -13.8 -5.3 -1.7 -11.3
2007 -0.1 -4.4 -10.4 -11.9 -9.9 -14.6 -13.9 -15.9 -18.1 -12.2 -4.2 -2.0 -9.8
2008 -1.7 -4.9 -10.6 -12.7 -14.2 -20.4 -15.9 -21.6 -18.5 -15.4 -5.4 -0.6 -11.8
2009 -0.8 -3.9 -9.5 -15.8 -13.8 -13.6 -13.7 -19.7 -15.0 -12.1 -5.3 -1.1 -10.4
2010 0.9 -3.4 -9.4 -15.8 -16.6 -18.1 -21.4 -20.5 -13.1 -13.3 -7.0 -1.4 -11.6
2011 0.1 -5.8 -9.1 -14.3 -16.4 -15.1 -14.0 -16.5 -16.1 -15.3 -5.3 -1.8 -10.8
2012 -1.4 -4.6 -11.8 -14.4 -18.1 -16.8 -20.8 -19.6 -18.9 -11.5 -4.7
The Mawson station home page.
The Australian Antarctic Division home page.
The Australian Bureau of Meteorology home page.
The latest synoptic report from Mawson station.
This web page was written to look good in MS Explorer 5.0+ using character entity references from HTML 4.0. Apologies if it doesn't quite work for you — anyway the data should be OK. Comments should be addressed to Dr Gareth Marshall at gjma@pcmail.nbs.ac.uk.
Return to the top of the page.
Return to the main Antarctic monthly mean surface temperature page.