Monthly mean surface temperature at Neumayer station

1. Dataset information

Station location: 70°39'S, 8°15'W, Ekström Shelf Ice, Atka Bay, East Antarctica.

WMO identification: 89002

Data are the mean of all available 6-hourly observations from the station (and so may differ slightly from the CLIMAT messages). The synoptic data were obtained from the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) web page for meteorological data from Neumayer station: thanks to Dr. Gert König-Langlo for looking after this site (see links below). These data are also used in the READER dataset from 1981-2000.

Go straight to the data.

2. Derived climate information

(i) Annual, seasonal and monthly temperature statistics for Neumayer

These data are updated monthly. With regard to summer (DJF) the year refers to the December.

Annual/Season/Month Mean
(°C) σ
(°C) Min.
(°C) q_0.25
(°C) q_0.75
(°C) Max.
(°C) Period

Calendar year −16.0 0.6 −17.8 −16.2 −15.6 −14.3 1982-2011 30

Autumn −17.0 1.3 −19.2 −18.1 −16.0 −14.8 1981-2012 32
Winter −24.0 1.9 −28.2 −25.4 −22.4 −20.2 1981-2012 32
Spring −17.1 1.3 −19.4 −18.0 −16.5 −13.3 1981-2012 32
Summer −5.7 0.9 −7.7 −6.3 −5.0 −4.1 1981-2011 31

January −4.1 1.0 −5.8 −4.8 −3.2 −2.2 1982-2012 31
February −8.0 1.6 −11.2 −9.3 −6.8 −5.1 1982-2012 31
March −12.9 2.0 −16.3 −14.5 −11.8 −8.4 1981-2012 32
April −17.8 2.5 −24.8 −19.2 −16.2 −13.6 1981-2012 32
May −20.3 2.3 −25.7 −22.3 −18.3 −16.1 1981-2012 32
June −22.6 3.3 −28.6 −25.3 −20.0 −15.2 1981-2012 32
July −24.6 3.2 −29.5 −26.7 −22.9 −17.2 1981-2012 32
August −24.8 3.4 −33.4 −26.8 −22.2 −16.0 1981-2012 32
September −23.5 2.6 −27.9 −25.5 −21.4 −16.3 1981-2012 32
October −17.8 2.0 −21.4 −19.2 −16.6 −13.9 1981-2012 32
November −10.0 1.5 −13.4 −10.9 −8.9 −7.0 1981-2012 32
December −4.9 0.8 −6.3 −5.5 −4.4 −3.0 1981-2011 31
Summary of annual, seasonal and monthly Neumayer surface temperature statistics

Summary of annual, seasonal and monthly Neumayer surface temperature statistics
Annual/Season/Month	Mean (°C)	σ (°C)	Min. (°C)	q_0.25 (°C)	q_0.75 (°C)	Max. (°C)	Period
Calendar year	−16.0	0.6	−17.8	−16.2	−15.6	−14.3	1982-2011	30
Autumn	−17.0	1.3	−19.2	−18.1	−16.0	−14.8	1981-2012	32
Winter	−24.0	1.9	−28.2	−25.4	−22.4	−20.2	1981-2012	32
Spring	−17.1	1.3	−19.4	−18.0	−16.5	−13.3	1981-2012	32
Summer	−5.7	0.9	−7.7	−6.3	−5.0	−4.1	1981-2011	31
January	−4.1	1.0	−5.8	−4.8	−3.2	−2.2	1982-2012	31
February	−8.0	1.6	−11.2	−9.3	−6.8	−5.1	1982-2012	31
March	−12.9	2.0	−16.3	−14.5	−11.8	−8.4	1981-2012	32
April	−17.8	2.5	−24.8	−19.2	−16.2	−13.6	1981-2012	32
May	−20.3	2.3	−25.7	−22.3	−18.3	−16.1	1981-2012	32
June	−22.6	3.3	−28.6	−25.3	−20.0	−15.2	1981-2012	32
July	−24.6	3.2	−29.5	−26.7	−22.9	−17.2	1981-2012	32
August	−24.8	3.4	−33.4	−26.8	−22.2	−16.0	1981-2012	32
September	−23.5	2.6	−27.9	−25.5	−21.4	−16.3	1981-2012	32
October	−17.8	2.0	−21.4	−19.2	−16.6	−13.9	1981-2012	32
November	−10.0	1.5	−13.4	−10.9	−8.9	−7.0	1981-2012	32
December	−4.9	0.8	−6.3	−5.5	−4.4	−3.0	1981-2011	31

The monthly data are summarised in a PDF plot (Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded from here

Neumayer monthly temperature statistics: this plot shows the mean, quartiles and range for each month.

(ii) Annual, seasonal and monthly trends in the Neumayer surface temperature data

The trends listed below include 95% confidence intervals. The methodology is based upon:

Santer B.D., T.M.L. Wigley, J.S. Boyle, D. J. Gaffen, J.J. Hnilo, D. Nychka, D.E. Parker and K.E. Taylor. 2000: Statistical significance of trends and trend differences in layer-average temperature time series. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 7337-7356.

Briefly, an effective sample size is calculated based on the lag-1 autocorrelation coefficient of the regression residuals, This effective sample size is used for the computation of the standard error and in indexing the critical values of the Student''s t distribution.

The significance level of the trend is given if it is less than 10%, 5% or 1%. With regard to summer (DJF) the year refers to the December.

Annual/Season/Month Annual trend
(°C a⁻¹) Significance
(%) Period n

Calendar year −0.0081 ± 0.0215 - 1982-2011 30

Autumn −0.0295 ± 0.0551 - 1981-2012 32
Winter −0.0268 ± 0.0591 - 1981-2012 32
Spring −0.0003 ± 0.0519 - 1981-2012 32
Summer −0.0008 ± 0.0406 - 1981-2011 31

January −0.0127 ± 0.0472 - 1982-2012 31
February +0.0180 ± 0.0628 - 1982-2012 31
March −0.0462 ± 0.0615 - 1981-2012 32
April −0.0646 ± 0.0900 - 1981-2012 32
May +0.0224 ± 0.0908 - 1981-2012 32
June −0.0097 ± 0.1185 - 1981-2012 32
July −0.1066 ± 0.0780 1 1981-2012 32
August +0.0358 ± 0.1366 - 1981-2012 32
September −0.0564 ± 0.1027 - 1981-2012 32
October +0.0525 ± 0.0774 - 1981-2012 32
November +0.0030 ± 0.0559 - 1981-2012 32
December −0.0078 ± 0.0370 - 1981-2011 31
Summary of trends in annual, seasonal and monthly Neumayer surface temperature

Summary of trends in annual, seasonal and monthly Neumayer surface temperature
Annual/Season/Month	Annual trend (°C a⁻¹)	Significance (%)	Period	n
Calendar year	−0.0081 ± 0.0215	-	1982-2011	30
Autumn	−0.0295 ± 0.0551	-	1981-2012	32
Winter	−0.0268 ± 0.0591	-	1981-2012	32
Spring	−0.0003 ± 0.0519	-	1981-2012	32
Summer	−0.0008 ± 0.0406	-	1981-2011	31
January	−0.0127 ± 0.0472	-	1982-2012	31
February	+0.0180 ± 0.0628	-	1982-2012	31
March	−0.0462 ± 0.0615	-	1981-2012	32
April	−0.0646 ± 0.0900	-	1981-2012	32
May	+0.0224 ± 0.0908	-	1981-2012	32
June	−0.0097 ± 0.1185	-	1981-2012	32
July	−0.1066 ± 0.0780	1	1981-2012	32
August	+0.0358 ± 0.1366	-	1981-2012	32
September	−0.0564 ± 0.1027	-	1981-2012	32
October	+0.0525 ± 0.0774	-	1981-2012	32
November	+0.0030 ± 0.0559	-	1981-2012	32
December	−0.0078 ± 0.0370	-	1981-2011	31

PDF plots of the annual and seasonal data (Adobe Acrobat Reader can be downloaded from here

Calendar year Autumn (MAM) Winter (JJA) Spring (SON) Summer (DJF)

3. The dataset

        JAN    FEB    MAR    APR    MAY    JUN    JUL    AUG    SEP    OCT    NOV    DEC    ANN

1981                -12.6  -15.9  -19.2  -22.8  -17.2  -20.6  -23.7  -18.7   -9.9   -4.5
1982   -2.9   -9.6  -15.3  -16.4  -21.0  -28.6  -23.0  -24.9  -20.1  -18.1   -8.1   -4.0  -16.0
1983   -4.8   -6.4  -11.9  -16.8  -17.4  -23.3  -27.6  -25.1  -19.7  -15.9  -11.4   -6.3  -15.5
1984   -3.9  -11.2  -13.4  -17.9  -18.8  -26.1  -22.8  -28.1  -22.3  -19.3  -10.6   -4.8  -16.6
1985   -4.1  -10.0   -9.2  -16.4  -20.4  -20.1  -24.2  -24.7  -21.3  -18.7  -12.9   -5.3  -15.6
1986   -4.6   -5.1  -12.7  -15.8  -23.6  -25.3  -26.1  -21.7  -22.2  -19.9   -8.8   -5.6  -16.0
1987   -3.1   -8.7  -10.8  -16.3  -22.4  -23.3  -20.3  -26.8  -26.6  -21.4   -8.9   -5.3  -16.2
1988   -2.8   -8.1   -8.4  -16.1  -20.2  -15.2  -25.3  -27.1  -25.5  -18.4  -10.1   -4.6  -15.2
1989   -3.6   -7.6  -12.5  -15.0  -20.7  -21.7  -29.5  -33.4  -24.0  -20.7   -9.6   -5.5  -17.0
1990   -4.2   -9.1  -11.9  -17.5  -19.3  -25.6  -20.3  -26.8  -27.1  -13.9   -8.8   -3.8  -15.7
1991   -4.2   -7.0  -15.0  -19.2  -20.0  -17.7  -23.6  -23.7  -23.6  -17.9  -10.5   -3.0  -15.5
1992   -2.2   -7.2   -9.9  -20.2  -17.2  -19.5  -24.9  -31.3  -24.9  -18.2  -10.6   -5.3  -15.9
1993   -4.1  -10.0  -15.9  -21.4  -20.2  -20.9  -25.5  -24.6  -23.1  -16.5  -10.6   -5.1  -16.5
1994   -5.3   -7.2  -14.5  -16.3  -24.0  -21.5  -24.7  -24.5  -21.3  -17.0  -11.0   -4.6  -16.0
1995   -5.0   -6.6  -11.8  -21.6  -22.2  -22.9  -26.7  -22.1  -26.8  -15.2   -9.7   -3.9  -16.2
1996   -4.0   -6.1  -11.9  -16.9  -22.1  -27.9  -17.6  -20.7  -16.3  -15.5   -8.2   -4.4  -14.3
1997   -4.3   -8.7  -13.5  -17.1  -20.0  -19.8  -27.8  -24.1  -21.1  -19.0   -7.4   -4.4  -15.6
1998   -4.8   -6.2  -15.0  -19.8  -17.9  -19.5  -24.4  -22.2  -23.0  -20.1  -11.2   -4.3  -15.7
1999   -4.2   -7.3  -12.8  -18.9  -25.7  -25.2  -20.9  -19.4  -21.5  -19.9  -10.7   -6.0  -16.0
2000   -5.8  -11.2  -15.9  -20.6  -20.2  -23.6  -28.7  -26.3  -24.3  -21.2  -10.1   -5.9  -17.8
2001   -5.4   -8.4  -13.7  -16.6  -22.3  -18.5  -20.6  -24.8  -24.4  -14.7  -10.1   -4.4  -15.3
2002   -3.4   -8.6  -11.5  -15.3  -17.5  -17.9  -26.7  -24.0  -26.6  -16.7  -13.4   -5.4  -15.6
2003   -5.5   -7.7  -13.5  -16.8  -17.7  -21.7  -24.2  -20.8  -26.0  -17.4   -9.0   -4.2  -15.4
2004   -2.6   -6.0  -14.5  -19.2  -22.3  -26.1  -28.9  -25.2  -23.9  -17.5  -11.3   -3.8  -16.8
2005   -2.6   -8.0  -11.8  -13.6  -22.6  -21.1  -26.3  -26.7  -27.6  -18.0  -12.7   -3.9  -16.2
2006   -3.1   -7.7  -14.0  -16.7  -23.3  -25.3  -25.0  -16.0  -21.2  -20.3   -8.6   -6.3  -15.6
2007   -4.0  -10.0  -10.9  -22.0  -18.0  -22.3  -24.2  -27.0  -25.4  -16.6   -7.7   -5.5  -16.1
2008   -5.8   -9.5  -10.9  -13.8  -22.3  -25.1  -23.9  -27.2  -27.9  -18.0  -10.8   -6.0  -16.8
2009   -4.6  -10.4  -14.6  -18.4  -16.1  -19.7  -22.4  -28.2  -24.0  -14.2  -10.1   -4.8  -15.6
2010   -2.4   -6.6  -12.1  -16.1  -18.5  -27.6  -29.3  -25.7  -22.5  -18.2  -11.0   -4.7  -16.2
2011   -3.3   -5.6  -16.3  -18.7  -19.3  -25.5  -25.1  -22.2  -24.6  -17.8  -10.7   -5.3  -16.2
2012   -5.6   -7.2  -13.2  -24.8  -18.1  -21.8  -29.5  -26.2  -20.2  -14.9   -7.0

4. Links

The Alfred Wegener Institute home page.

The Neumayer station home page.

Online access to meteorological data from Neumayer station.

The latest synoptic report from Neumayer station.

This web page was written to look good in MS Explorer 5.0+ using character entity references from HTML 4.0. Apologies if it doesn't quite work for you — anyway the data should be OK. Comments should be addressed to Dr Gareth Marshall at gjma@pcmail.nbs.ac.uk.

Return to the top of the page.
Return to the main Antarctic monthly mean surface temperature page.