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\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14629818 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid11687084\charrsid3765391 BAS Public Information Leaflet
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid10376297\charrsid3765391 British Antarctic Survey }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid8004475\charrsid3765391 Research Stations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid6901709\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid6901709\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid11687084\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid10376297\charrsid3765391
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3765391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Living and working in the harsh and remote environment of
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose} requires specialist facilities. In order to carry out its ambitious scientific programme, the British Antarct
ic Survey (BAS) operates four permanently staffed research stations, a summer-only research station and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 two small logistics facilities.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par The research stations are self-contained communities, with satellite links to the outside world, where science and moni
toring programmes are carried out. Each station contains living accommodation, laboratories and workshops. They have to provide staff with food, water and washing facilities and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
deal with the resulting waste.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par The larger research stations also support airc
raft, ship and field operations and are equipped with state-of-the-art computer and telecommunications technology. BAS research stations are all specially designed for their role and built to ensure minimum environmental impact.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Their construction enables them to endure the extreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
Antarctic climate and weather.
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Past, present and fu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 ture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 British Antarctic Survey has occupied 19 research stations since its inception in 1962. Several of the original BAS research stations have their origins during the Second
World War when the government despatched a secret Admiralty operation, code-named Tabarin, to establish small bases on the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctic Peninsula{\*\xmlclose} to report on enemy act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 ivity and make weather reports.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par After the war the project was taken over by the Colonial Office and renamed the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS).This was later re-organised int}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 o the British Antarctic Survey.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par Many of the original stations have been closed, demolished and removed; others have been preserved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The existing research stations are constantly being improved to meet operational needs.
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12662512 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Year-round rese}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 arch stations}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Rothera \endash
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Adel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 aide{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname
PlaceType}}Island{\*\xmlclose},}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctic Peninsula}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 {\*\xmlclose}
\par Halle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 y \endash
Brunt Ice Shelf, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Coats Land}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 {\*\xmlclose}
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bird{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceType}}Isla}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 nd{\*\xmlclose} \endash
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Bird{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceType}}Island{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}South Georgia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 {\*\xmlclose}
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}King{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Edward{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Point{\*\xmlclose}* \endash
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}K}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 ing{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Edward{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Point{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}South Georgia}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 {\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid14501256 Summer-only research station
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Signy \endash
Signy Island, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}South O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 rkney Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 {\*\xmlclose}
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Field stations
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Fossil Bluff \endash
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Alexander{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}Island{\*\xmlclose},
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctic Peninsula{\*\xmlclose}
\par Sky-Blu \endash
Ells}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 worth Land, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctic Peninsula{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2340\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3765391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs16\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 *Run on behalf of the Government of South Georgia and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}South Sandwich Islands{\*\xmlclose}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3765391 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par In 2006, BAS commissioned a new research station to replace the current Halley station (Halley V), which is located on a floating ice shelf. A competition was held to choose the best design for Halley VI with the winn
ing scheme featuring a new modular station, elevated on ski-based jackabl}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391 e legs to avoid burial by snow.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512 What does a station need?
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 Laboratories}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose} is a unique natural laboratory and everything BAS does is focused on science.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 This ranges from studies of the smallest single-celled organism to investigations of the Earth\rquote
s atmosphere. Each research station is well equipped to ensure the highest st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 andards of scientific research.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Laboratories provide facilities to study the biology of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose}, or
to analyse ice cores and rock samples. Other buildings house instruments monitoring weather and the atmosphere. Some of the experiments are set up to be monitor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 ed remotely from BAS Cambridge.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 Communications}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 In {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose} adequate communications can be a
matter of life and death. Communication systems are therefore a key part of any research station. All stations (and ships) have permanent satellite links to the outside world providing broadband internet and a sophisticated telephone network. Radios and p
ortable satellite phones provide communication with field parties, ships and aircraft.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
Within the stations themselves, there are teleph}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 ones and walkie-talkie systems.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 However, all these systems can be disrupted by the weather or atmospheric phenomena.
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512 Trans}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 port}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The larger stations provide a hub for Antarctic transport.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 There are garages and workshops for snow vehicles such as tractors and skidoos. Rothera Research Station has a gravel runway, aircraft hanger and aircraft maintenance facilities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The stati
on also has a wharf where BAS ships can be tied up for loading and unloading. Much research is concentrated on the marine environment so some stations need boa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 t houses and diving facilities.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The smaller BAS facilities, at Fossil Bluff and Sky-Blu, provide essential staging posts for fuel and equipment required for deep field science projects.
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 Info Box
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 From the Rothera diaries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93The synchronous buzz of distant engines and station preparation is upon us, as October sees the return of aircraft to {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceName}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Adelaide{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname PlaceType}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
, activating the summer season and signifying an end, in body and mind, to the wintering period. Excitement permeates the station as thoughts of long awaited treasures are imminent \endash
gifts and new}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 s from friends and loved ones.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512 Making {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose} a home
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Although laboratory facilities, communication and transport are essential, Antarctic research stations are more than just places of work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 They have to provide food, water, accommodation and recreation facilities for staff that might be based in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}
Antarctica{\*\xmlclose} for up to two years at a time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
To these people, the research station is a home from home and even in the darkest depths of an Antarctic winter, needs to feel like a safe and pleasant place to live.
\par Each station has a Base Commander (BC) who has overall authority}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
on the station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 Food and drink}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The diet provided at each station is very similar to the kinds of food eaten at home in the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname
country-region}}UK{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The main difference is that fresh fruit and vegetables are limited in their availability. Vegetables, fruit and meat come tinned, dried or frozen but foods s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 uch as bread are freshly baked.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Because they may have to cater for more than 100 people, the larger stations have professional chefs. At others, personnel each take turns to cook.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 At all stations everyone is expected to help with the washing up, clean}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
ing and dealing with the waste.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
Depending on the location, research stations either melt their water from the surrounding snow or extract fresh water from the sea. Rothera has a modern desalination plant which removes
salt from seawater. Each station also runs its own bar facilities with a limi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 ted supply of alcoholic drinks.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 From the Rothera diaries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93June is such an exciting time to be in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The main reason being that June 21st is Midwinter\rquote s Day, ve
ry significant in this part of the world. It is the winter solstice, the shortest and darkest day of winter. On this day, everyone based on this great continent enjoys a day of celebration. Part of the tradition on Midwinter\rquote
s Day is the exchange of gifts.
Everyone on station makes a present and on the day these are swapped by pulling names out of a hat. I cannot begin to describe to you the amount of effort people put into these gifts, for weeks and even months prior to Midwinter, people are creating besp
oke masterpieces.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid12662512 Sleeping}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid12662512
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Everyone living on station has their own bunk and personal space. In summer the facilities can be quite crowded but in winter it is usual for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
people to have their own room.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 People sleep and work at different times depending on
their job. At the larger stations, there is always someone awake on duty at night in case of emergency. Many science projects also operate over 24 hours, with researchers taki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512
ng shifts to ensure continuity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid12662512\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid15152946 Health and safety
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Considering the nearest hospital is in the Falkland Islands and station personnel are completely cut off in winter, it\rquote s vital that everyone living and working in
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose} is fit and healthy. However, if medical attention is required then the larger stations have a fully equipped doctor\rquote s surgery which can also double as a dentist\rquote
s and even, for a worst case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 scenario, an operating theatre.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Each larger station has a doctor on the staff. Personnel on the smaller stations or operating in the field are fully trained in first aid. Stations staffed in winter also inclu}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 de a doctor on their personnel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid15152946 Recreation
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Stations are equipped with libraries, gyms, bars and DVD players. And while in good weather people enjoy outdoor activities such as snow sports, bird watching, photography or eve
n jogging, at other times facilities ins}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 ide are particularly important.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 BAS encourages people to have hobbies and at most stations there are accomplished musi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
cians, model makers or artists.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 From the Halley diaries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93This month started off with winds of 40 knots and temperatures of -30\'b0
C and pretty much stayed the same with the exception of one or two reprieves. This made commuting to work on other platforms or to the garage difficult\'85 The weather doesn\rquote t help when it\rquote s your turn to dig snow for t
he melt tank. Some days it\rquote s blowing so much that your clothes are covered with frost and the snow will fill every gap in your clothes. Goggles freeze over so that you c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 an\rquote
t see what you are digging.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 Rothera Research Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Latitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 de: 67\'b034'S, Longitude: 68\'b008'W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par Rothera Point is home to the British Antarctic Survey\rquote s largest research station. It is situated on a rock and raised beach promontory at the southern extremity of Wormald Ice Piedmont in the south-east of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Adelaide{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. It is named after John
Rothera, a surveyor with the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in the 1950s. Occupied since 1975, the station operates all year with up to 120 staff in the summer and around 21 in winter. A wide range of scientific research including biosciences, geosc
iences, glaciology and meteorology, is carried out in and around the station. Rothera is also a major logistics centre, supporting all BAS operations in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctica}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 {\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Rothera can be reached by ship and aircraft, including BAS\rquote s Dash-7, which flies from the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Falkland Islands{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The station has a 900m crushed rock runway, with an aircraft hanger and bulk fuel storage facility.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 There is also a wharf for the loading and unload}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
ing of cargo from supply ships.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The station consists of a number of separate buildings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Th
ese include the main facilities block which houses living areas, communication systems and offices. There are two accommodation blocks, equipment stores, generators and desalination buildings as well as garages for vehicles. Across the runway is the aircr
aft hanger and beside the wharf is the B}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 onner Laboratory and boathouse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid15152946 Bonner Laboratory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The Bonner Laboratory is equipped to an extremely high standard for biological research. Scientists assess {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose}
\rquote s role in evolutionary change and the development of global biodiversity, as well as the effects of climate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
change on existing ecosystems.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 From the Rothera diaries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93Rothera is the only station in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose}
that supports diving through the entire winter period. Most of the winter dives are conducted through ice holes, which are cut with a chainsaw as soon as the ice is thick enough to support the weight of the divers and surface support team.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Two dive holes are cut, so if a seal takes residence in one there is always an alternative exit point\'85
A vital part of the diving set up here is a state-of-the-art recompression chamber, which is primed to treat divers with suspected \lquote bends\rquote
. Diving-related injuries are very much a rarity but the chamber is often used for training purposes and is a necessity when diving in a h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 arsh, isolated environment.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Rothera plays a vital role in the ground-breaking research undertaken by BAS to better understand {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose}\rquote
s history, ice, c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 limate, atmosphere and biology.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The first phase of Rothera Research Station,
a small accommodation block, was completed in February 1976. More recent developments have seen improved accommodation buildings in 1996 (Giants House) and 2001 (Admirals House), construction of the operations tower in 1999 and a sewage treatment plant i
n 2003. Rothera is currently undergoing a major eight-stage redevelopment, sc}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 heduled for completion in 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 For the first 15 years of BAS operations at Rothera,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Twin Otter aircraft used a skiway 300m above the station on the Wormald Ice Piedmont.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 With the commissioning of the gravel runway in 1991, air operations became more secure and a larger aircraft, the Dash-7, could be used to provide }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
a direct intercontinental link.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 During the summer m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256 onths, Rothera is the centre of f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 ield operations. Most field part
ies consist of a scientist and a Field Assistant. Glaciologists and geologists will usually be taken to their research area by Twin Otter aircraft or sometimes by ship or helicopter. Once in the field, parties travel using skidoos and sledges for up to th
ree months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 They may also receiv}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
e additional re-supply flights.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Rothera houses a sophisticated communications centre. Satellite connections operate 24 hours a day, although adverse weather can affect the system\rquote s operation,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 particularly in winter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Field workers keep to a daily radio \lquote schedule\rquote
so a check can be kept on their progress and safety.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The station also has an operations tower to control aircraft movements in and around the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Antarctic Peninsula}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 {\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 Halley Research Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Latitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 de: 75\'b035'S, Longitude: 26\'b039'W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par Afloat on the Brunt Ice Shelf, Halley is the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}UK{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}\rquote
s most isolated station. It is named after the astronomer Edmond Halley and the current Halley Research Station is the fifth British station to be built on the ice shelf.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The extreme environment pos
es huge technical problems to builders, with blizzards and snowdrifts eventually burying everything. Previous buildings disappeared beneath the snow and required ever longer vertical shafts to provi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 de access to the outside world.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The first Halley station
was established in 1956 by the Royal Society for the International Geophysical Year (1957-58). It had to be abandoned in 1967; subsequent stations were abandoned in 1973, 1983 and 1992 before being crushed by the weight of overlying snow.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The current station,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Halley V,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
took six years to design and build. Its three main buildings sit four metres above the snow on independent steel platforms. Each summer the platforms are raised on jacks an average of 1m to compensate for the accumulated snowfall.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The supporting legs can also be realigned to correct for any distortions caused by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 the flow of the ice underneath.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The largest construction is the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Laws{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname
country-region}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} which is the main accommodation block. It includes a living area, sleeping quarters and a technical support area. Diesel engines provide electrical power and their waste heat warms the buildings a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 nd melts snow to provide water.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 A second accommodation building, the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Drewry{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, is mounted on skis so it can be towed each year to avoid burial. It is designe
d primarily for summer visitors but also houses emergency supplies and facilities in case anything happens to the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Laws{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The two main permanent laboratories are the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Piggott{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Building{\*\xmlclose} and the smaller {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Simpson{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Building{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Other structures include a garage mounted on skis and the \lquote Clean Air Sector Laboratory\rquote
which is h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 oused some two kilometres away.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946 Info }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid15152946 Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946 Re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid15152946\charrsid15152946 lief of Halley Research Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid15152946
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Each season the ship must find a suitable \lquote creek\rquote
in the ice cliffs at the front of the Brunt Ice Shelf to unload
supplies and equipment. Once anchored to the sea-ice, relief can take several days as loads are carefully stowed on the ice and towed back to the station using Sno-cats. In 2002, the sea-ice conditions were so bad that the ship couldn\rquote
t actually unload at all.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Vital equipment, supplies and personnel had to f}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 lown in by Twin Otter aircraft.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Studies at Halley provide vital information for a global understanding of ozone depletion, atmospheric pollution, sea level rise and climate change. Since it was first
established in 1956, meteorological and atmospheric data has been continually collected at Halley, providing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 an unbroken record of readings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Weather data is sent via satellite to forecasting stations in the northern hemisphere for immediate use. It also p
rovides a climatic database to help in our understanding of climate change.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The flatness of the ice shelf provides one of the best natural laboratories in the world for studying the properties and changes in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 atmosphere close to the ground.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 Ozone}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Atmospheric ozone has been measured at Halley since 1956. In 1985, BAS scientists discovered that there was a spring-time \lquote hole\rquote
in the ozone layer caused by man-made CFCs and halons. Ozone is vital to protect the Earth\rquote s surface from damaging UV radiation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The discovery of the hole led to an unprecedented international response. Production of the chemicals has been phased out under the international Montreal Protocol agreement. Nevertheless, it will take many years b}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 efore the ozone layer recovers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Halley\rquote s position at the edge of the southern auroral zone \endash
where magnificent auroras known as the Southern Lights can be seen in the winter sky \endash
is ideally situated for geospace research. Geospace is the region of space where the Sun\rquote s atmosphere interacts with the Earth\rquote s magnetic field and the station houses a powerful set of instruments to monitor the effects of solar ac}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 tivity in the upper atmosphere.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Other research at Halley includes ice coring work to gather a record of past climate. Because of its position on the coast, a limited amount of marine biol}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 ogical work is also undertaken.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} Research Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Latitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 de: 54\'b000'S, Longitude: 38\'b003'W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose} is a small rocky island lying off the north-west tip of {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}South Georgia
{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The island\rquote s north
ern coast consists of sheer cliffs rising up to 365m; the southern coast is more accessible with many beaches. Below 150m the island is covered with tussock grass. Above this altitude there is only moss, rock and scree.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 There is no permanent snow or ice and the yearly temperature range is from -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
10 to 10\'b0C.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The island has a rich diversity of wildlife and is afforded special protection as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). It is home to around 50,000 breeding pairs of penguins, 30,000 pairs of alb
atrosses, 700,000 nocturnal petrels and 65,000 breeding fur seals. For every 1.5 square metres there is one bird or seal, making {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} one of the richest sites for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 wildlife anywhere in the world.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The research station is situated in a fresh-water inl
et in Jordan Cove and consists of three large buildings. In summer it is home to ten people but only four in winter. As well as living accommodation, facilities include offices and laboratory space. Research programmes centre on seabird and seal biology i
n
cluding studies on their population, ecology and reproduction. Long term monitoring studies contribute to international environmental conservation. Information is provided to the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR
), the international body that manages sustainable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
fishing in the Southern Ocean.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The first permanent hut was established on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} in 1958.The bulk of the station was built on concrete piers in 1981 and is desi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 gned for year-round occupation.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 In 2005-06, a major redevelopment provided new accommodation, laboratory and kitchen facilities. All but one of the old buildings were demolished and removed.
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 From the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}
Island}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 {\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} diaries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93The wandering albatross decline continued one more year unperturbed by international conservation action and fund-rising campaigns.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The numbers of pairs nesting on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} fell a further 8% from last year, and only 845 nests were recorded this year.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Work on {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Bird{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
reflects the worldwide trends and co}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 ncern for these amazing birds.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 King Edward Poin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701 t Research Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Latitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 de: 54\'b017'S, Longitude: 36\'b030'W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par The applied fisheries research station at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}King{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Edward{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Point{\*\xmlclose},
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}South Georgia{\*\xmlclose}, was opened in 2001. Studies here provide sound scientific advice to assist in the sustainable management of the valuable commercial fisheries around
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}South Georgia{\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The research is carried out under contract to the government of South Georgia and the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}South Sandwich Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 {\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Scientists at {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}King{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}
Edward{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Point{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} are undertaking biological and ecological research to ensure the conservation of fish stocks.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 All fishing in the area is regulated by internationally adopted measures agreed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 This agreement is not only designed to ensure fishing is controlled but that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
entire ecosystem is conserved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}South Georgia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701 {\*\xmlclose}
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 South Georgia is an isolated subantarctic island in the Southern Ocean, some 1,400km south east of the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Falklands{\*\xmlclose}.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The island is mountainous and glaciated.
Below the mountains there is tussock grass, rock, scree, lakes and streams. In winter the island is blanketed with snow.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The island was once the home of the whaling industry.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
Tens of thousands of whales were brought ashore to be rendered down for oil. Many of the beaches are littered with whalebones.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The British army occupied a gar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 rison on the island until 2001.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The King Edward Point Research Station is staffed by up to 18 people in summer and eight in winter. It comprises two single-storey buildings: th
e James Cook Laboratory and Everson House.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The laboratory building includes wet and dry laboratories.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 There is also a large temperature controlled room which houses re-circulating sea}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 water tanks for live specimens.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Other facilities include comfortable sle
eping quarters, computing facilities and a library. British Antarctic Survey also operates three inshore boats from the station, including a fully equipped eight metre inshore fishing vessel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 This is used for sampling the local coastal waters and to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 assist with logistical support.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 Info Box
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 From the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}King{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}
Edward{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Point{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 aries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93We were re-supplied with all our dried food for the next year and lots of other equipment and supplies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 All the over-wintering station members were especially grateful for our personal boxes sent to us from our families and friends back home\'85
The following weeks were like an extended Christmas of opening and unpacking boxes and then trying to find room on to store }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 a year\rquote s supply of everything!\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701 Signy Research Station}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Latitu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 de: 60\'b043'S, Longitude: 45\'b036'W}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Signy{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
is a small subantarctic island, 6.5km long and 5km wide and named after the wife of Norwegian whaling caption Peter S\'f8rlle, who charted the island in 1912.There is a permanent ice cap over a large part of the island. In
the summer, extensive areas of moss and some grasses are exposed and there are many freshwater pools and lakes. Because it is intermediate between Antarctic and subantarctic environments, the island contains a di}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 verse range of flora and fauna.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Signy Resea
rch Station was first established in 1947, primarily as a meteorological station. It is located in Factory Cove, named after the whaling station originally sited there. Signy was developed in 1963 into a major biological research station with living accom
modation, laboratories and diving facilities and was the centre of BAS biological science until 1995, when the marine r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 esearch transferred to Rothera.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 In the 1995-96 season the station was rebuilt as a summer-only research centre to support studies in terr
estrial and freshwater biology. Scientists examine how lakes in a pristine environment respond to environmental change and the dynamics of microbiological communities, as well as penguin monitoring.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The island has 17 breeding bird spe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 cies and three species of seal.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par The new main building has living accommodation, laboratories and offices and the station operates with up to eight staff from November to April. During the winter, an automatic camera records sea-ice conditions in Factory Cove in order to mainta
in the fifty-year record obtained when the station was continuously occupied.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
Year-round meteorological observations are made b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 y an automatic weather station.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 From the Signy diaries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93With the last of the water samples safely analysed, almost all of the island's lakes froze once more, heralding the onslaught of winter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The fur seals, either by accident or experience, have found that this offers a chance to practise some enviable skills. Running headlong across the ice and sliding full length into their mates appears to be the best way imaginable to instigate a fight}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 .\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 Field stations
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 BAS operates two \lquote logistics facilities\rquote
at Fossil Bluff and Sky-Blu.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 These are occupied in summer to provide support to field parties.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 They act as transit stations for field parties and depots for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
food, fuel and other supplies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 Fossil }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701 Bluff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Fossil Bluff lies at the base of a scree covered ridge overlooking George VI Sound.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The sound is covered by the George VI Ice Shelf which separates the mountainous {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Alexander{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} from Palmer Land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The ice has provided a north-south route for field parties, although at the height of summer the surface}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
can be flooded with meltwater.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Fossil Bluff is operated by Rothera Research Station as a forward facility for refuelling aircraft.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 There is a 1,200m unprepared snow runway which enables BAS\rquote s Twin Otter aircraft to touch down.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The stati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 on can house up to four people.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701 Sky-Blu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Sky-Blu is an area of blue ice situated close to Sky-Hi Nunataks in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Eastern Ellsworth Land{\*\xmlclose}. First establishe
d in 1993, the runway can be used by wheeled aircraft.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The runway is now vitally important for deep-field operations because it can be used by Dash-7 aircraft.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
The larger capacity of the Dash-7 means that fewer flights ar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 e required to deliver supplies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Sky-Blu became fully operational as a logistics facility in 1997.The groomed ice runway is up to 1.2km long and 50m wide and is permanently marked by flags.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 At the start of each summer season snow drifts have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
to be removed from the runway.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The support camp for the runway remains year-round and consists of a hut together with a number of tents, garage, fo}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
od depot and toilet facilities.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 Info Box}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 Life at Sky}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 -Blu (from the Rothera diaries)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0
\b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 \'93Life at Sky-Blu is fairly basic.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
You live in a red submarine-like shell, called a melon-hut, and sleep in pyramid tents. Most of your time is spent clearing snowdrifts from the blue-ice runway with a snow-blower and the rest of the time is spent shifting drums.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The only concession to comfort is an incinerating toilet, simila
r to the one at Fossil Bluff. Sky-Blu is a spectacular place but people either love it or hate it. It is affectionately thought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
of by most as a penal colony!\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3830701 Protecting the past
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 A conservation survey of old British stations was carried out by BAS and th
e UK Antarctic Heritage Trust in 1994. As a result, four were selected for conservation and have been designated as Historic Monuments under the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
terms of the Antarctic Treaty.}{\rtlch\fcs1
\af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 The four preserved stations are Port Lockroy, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Stonington{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island
{\*\xmlclose},}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid14501256
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 Wordie House ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Argentine{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Islands{\*\xmlclose}) and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Horseshoe{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Island
{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}. Another structure, the Reclus hut, was dismantled from Portal Point in 1997 and is on display at the Museum in {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Stanley{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region
}}Falkland Islands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 {\*\xmlclose}.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 Back cover}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3830701
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391 British Antarctic Survey (BAS), part of the Natural Environment Research Council, is a world leader in research into global science in an Antarctic context. Based in
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Cambridge{\*\xmlclose}, BAS is the {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}UK{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}\rquote
s national Antarctic operator and has an active and influential role in Antarctic affairs. BAS has over 450 staff and operates five research stations, two Royal Research Ships and five aircraft in and around {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}
}Antarctica{\*\xmlclose}. By undertaking a world-class programme of science in the Antarctic and related regions, BAS addresses key global and regional issues. This involves joint research projects with over 40 {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname
country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}UK{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} universities and more than 120 national and international collabora}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701 tions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20
\ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391\charrsid3765391
\par
\par www.antarctica.ac.uk
\par
\par \'a9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701
NERC 2006.All rights reserved.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3765391
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid3830701\charrsid3765391
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7739627 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid7739627\charrsid3765391 British Antarctic Survey
\par High Cross, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Madingley Road{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}
\par {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}Cambridge{\*\xmlclose} {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}CB3 0ET{\*\xmlclose}, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname country-region}}UK{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose}
\par Email: info@bas.ac.uk
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1916500 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f1\fs20\insrsid10376297\charrsid3765391
\par }}
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